Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine Sir James Elliott Author

CONTENTS. PAGECHAPTER I.EARLY ROMAN MEDICINE. 1 Origin of Healing--Temples--Lectisternium--Temple of Æsculapius--Archagathus--Domestic Medicine--Greek Doctors--Cloaca Maxima--Aqueducts--State of the early EmpireCHAPTER II.EARLY GREEK MEDICINE. 13 Apollo--Æsculapius--Temples--Serpents--Gods of Health--Melampus--Homer--Machaon--Podalarius--Temples of Æsculapius--Methods of Treatment--Gymnasia--Classification of Renouard--Pythagoras--Democedes--Greek PhilosophersCHAPTER III.HIPPOCRATES. 25 His life and works--His influence on MedicineCHAPTER IV.PLATO, ARISTOTLE, THE SCHOOL OF ALEXANDRIA, ANDEMPIRICISM. 39 Plato--Aristotle--Alexandrian School--Its Origin--Its Influence--Lithotomy--Herophilus--Erasistratus--Cleombrotus-- Chrysippos--Anatomy--Empiricism--Serapion of AlexandriaCHAPTER V.ROMAN MEDICINE AT THE END OF THE REPUBLIC AND THEBEGINNING OF THE EMPIRE. 51 Asclepiades of Prusa--Themison of Laodicea--Methodism--Wounds of Julius Cæsar--Systems of Philosophy--State of the country--Roman quacks--Slaves and Freedmen--Lucius HoratillavusCHAPTER VI.IN THE REIGN OF THE CÆSARS TO THE DEATH OF NERO. 63 Augustus--His illnesses--Antonius Musa--Mæcenas--Tiberius-- Caligula--Claudius--Nero--Seneca--Astrology--Archiater--Women poisoners--Oculists in RomeCHAPTER VII.PHYSICIANS FROM THE TIME OF AUGUSTUS TO THE DEATHOF NERO. 72 Celsus--His life and works--His influence on Medicine--Meges of Sidon--Apollonius of Tyana--Alleged miracles--Vettius Valleus--Scribonius Longus--Andromachus--Thessalus of Tralles--PlinyCHAPTER VIII.THE FIRST AND SECOND CENTURIES OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. 86 Athenæus--Pneumatism--Eclectics--Agathinus--Aretæus--Archigenes-- Dioscorides--Cassius Felix--Pestilence in Rome--Ancient surgical instruments--Herodotus--Heliodorus--Cælius Aurelianus--Soranus-- Rufus of Ephesus--Marinus--QuintusCHAPTER IX.GALEN. 96 His life and works--His influence on MedicineCHAPTER X.THE LATER ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIOD. 111 Beginning of Decline--Neoplatonism--Antyllus--Oribasius--Magnus-- Jacobus Psychristus--Adamantius--Meletius--Nemesius--Ætius-- Alexander of Tralles--The Plague--Moschion--Paulus Ægineta--Decline of Healing ArtCHAPTER XI.INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY ON ALTRUISM AND THEHEALING ART. 127 Essenes--Cabalists and Gnostics--Object of Christ's Mission--Stoics--Constantine and Justinian--Gladiatorial Games--Orphanages--Support of the Poor--Hospitals--Their Foundation--Christianity and Hospitals--Fabiola--Christian Philanthropy--Demon Theories of Disease receive the Church's Sanction--Monastic Medicine--Miracles of Healing--St. Paul--St. Luke--Proclus--Practice of Anatomy denounced--Christianity the prime factor in promoting AltruismCHAPTER XII.GYMNASIA AND BATHS. 143 Gymnastics--Vitruvius--Opinions of Ancient Physicians on Gymnastics--The Athletes--The Baths--Description of Baths at Pompeii--Thermæ--Baths of CaracallaCHAPTER XIII.SANITATION. 155 Water-supply--Its extent--The Aqueducts--Distribution in city--Drainage--Disposal of the Dead--Cremation and Burial--Catacombs--Public Health RegulationsAPPENDIX.FEES IN ANCIENT TIMES 162ILLUSTRATIONS.Asklepios, the ancient Greek Deity of Healing _frontispiece_Machaon (Son of Asklepios), the first Greek MilitarySurgeon, attending to the wounded Menelaus _p._ 17PLATE I.--Bust of Æsculapius _face p._ 13 II.--Hygeia, the Greek Deity of Health 15 III.--Facade of Temple of Asklepios, restored (Delfrasse) 18 IV.--Health Temple, restored (Caton) 20OUTLINES OF Greek and Roman MedicineCHAPTER I.EARLY ROMAN MEDICINE. Origin of Healing--Temples--Lectisternium--Temple of Æsculapius--Archagathus--Domestic Medicine--Greek Doctors-