Antique Print-T.93.-VERTEBRAL-COLUMN-ATLAS-AXIS-SACRAL-BONE-Lairesse-Bidloo-1728 Gerard de Lairesse Prints by Category > Medical-Anatomy

Antique print, titled: ''T.93.'' - Tab.93: This anatomical plate illustrates the entire vertebral column from the base of the skull to the coccyx, with detailed commentary on each region. The vertebrae are divided into seven cervical, twelve thoracic, five lumbar, and five sacral vertebrae, with the coccyx considered part of this series. In adults, each vertebra is a complete bone, while in children they are still composed of multiple smaller ossification centers. Each vertebra is internally hollow, rough on the outside, with a large central foramen and multiple smaller foramina on the sides. Every vertebra has seven processes: two superior, two inferior, two transverse, and one spinous although the first cervical vertebra (atlas) lacks a spinous process. The atlas (I) is thin and hard, with a distinctive anterior arch (A) and posterior arch (B), designed to cradle the dens of the axis (II & III). The axis projects a tooth-like process upward for articulation. These are connected by a ligamentous band and form the atlanto-axial joint. Further vertebrae (V XII) are described by their size, bifid processes (common in cervical vertebrae), and facets for rib articulation (in the thoracic region). The lumbar vertebrae are larger and heavier, with thicker processes and broad vertebral bodies. The plate also shows cross-sections and views from both anterior and posterior, illustrating foramina, bony landmarks, and points of ligament/muscle attachment. Original legend sheet available on request (if available due to legends of 2 plates being on 1 sheet).Made by Gerard de Lairesse after Govard Bidloo (author).Medium: Copperplate engraving on hand laid (verge) paper.Sheet size: 34.5 x 51 cm (13.58 x 20.08 inch). Image size: 26 x 42 cm. (10.24 x 16.54 inch).T.93.-VERTEBRAL-COLUMN-ATLAS-AXIS-SACRAL-BONE | BOEK-BIDLOOBACKGROUND INFORMATIONOntleding des Menschelyken Lichaams', Utrecht, 1728, published by Jacob van Poolsum. A later Dutch version of Govard Bidloo's most famous work, his monumental Anatomia humani corporis published in Amsterdam in 1685, containing 107 copperplate engravings. Like so many large and expensive anatomical atlases of the time, the work was not a financial success, and in 1690 he published a Dutch translation entitled, Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams, using the same plates. When this edition did not sell well either, Bidloo's publisher sold 300 of the extra printed plates to William Cowper, a noted English anatomist. Cowper published the plates with his own, English language text in Oxford in 1698 under the title, Anatomy of the humane bodies, without mentioning Bidloo or the artists of the original plates. Cowper went so far as to use Bidloo's engraved allegorical title page, amended with an irregular piece of paper lettered: "The anatomy of the humane bodies .," which fits over the Dutch title (see a comparison here). A number of vitriolic exchanges took place between Bidloo and Cowper, including several pamphlets published in each anatomist's defense. Cowper claimed, without much evidence presented, that the plates were not Bidloo's at all, but that they were commissioned by Jan Swammerdam (1637 1680) and that after his death Swammerdam's widow had sold them to Bidloo. The illustrations in Bidloos' work were drawn by Gerard de Lairesse (1640 1711) and engraved by Abraham Blooteling (1640 1690) and Peter van Gunst (1659? 1724?).Reference: Choulant, L. History and bibliography of anatomic illustration. Trans. and annotated by Mortimer Frank. (New York: Hafner, 1962). Pp. 250-253; Russell, K. F. British anatomy, 1525 1800: a bibliography of works published in Britain, America and on the Continent. 2nd ed. (Winchester, Hampshire: St. Paul's Bibliographies, 1987). Introduction and nos. 211-214; National Library of Medicine (US) Unique ID: 2312021R.Text page included (if available, due to 2 text pages printed on ene shheet, otherwise a copy).Biography engraver: Gerard de Lairesse (1640 1711) was a Dutch G